{"id":25965,"date":"2023-12-11T16:46:46","date_gmt":"2023-12-11T21:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/?post_type=dan_alert_diver&p=25965"},"modified":"2024-01-19T10:21:47","modified_gmt":"2024-01-19T15:21:47","slug":"japans-little-fish-with-a-big-heart","status":"publish","type":"dan_alert_diver","link":"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/es\/alert-diver\/article\/japans-little-fish-with-a-big-heart\/","title":{"rendered":"Los peque\u00f1os peces de Jap\u00f3n con un gran coraz\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

MUCHOS BUZOS JAPONESES ADORAN A LAS CRIATURAS SUBMARINAS<\/strong> , particularmente las variedades locales que viven en abundancia en las escarpadas costas volc\u00e1nicas del pa\u00eds y las islas costeras. Tambi\u00e9n tienen una pasi\u00f3n por todo aquello que sea exc\u00e9ntrico \u2014cu\u00e1nto m\u00e1s extra\u00f1o, mejor\u2014.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las noticias se propagaron r\u00e1pidamente por todo el pa\u00eds tras el descubrimiento en 1995 de misteriosas estructuras de arena de 1,8 metros (6 pies), similares a los c\u00edrculos en los cultivos, que adornaban el lecho marino costero cerca de Amami \u014cshima, una de las islas m\u00e1s meridionales de Jap\u00f3n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El creador de los desconcertantes c\u00edrculos no fue identificado hasta 2011, cuando un curioso fot\u00f3grafo submarino descubri\u00f3 a la mente maestra detr\u00e1s de las fascinantes haza\u00f1as. El heroico excavador de la tarea tit\u00e1nica era un pez globo de 10 cm (4 pulgadas) desconocido y sin nombre, que era completamente adorable y sus masivas esculturas geom\u00e9tricas eran realmente impresionantes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los investigadores exploraron el motivo detr\u00e1s de los extravagantes esfuerzos del pez globo y descubrieron que los castillos de arena laber\u00ednticos \u2014esculpidos con decenas de miles de zanjas lineales labradas por diminutas aletas azotadoras\u2014 sirven de cautivadores nidos de amor para seducir a sus parejas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los encantadores descubrimientos despertaron mucho m\u00e1s que el inter\u00e9s local. En el verano de 2017, un episodio de Big Pacific <\/em>(El gran Pac\u00edfico) en PBS present\u00f3 a los telespectadores las intrigantes proezas del pez globo, Torquigener albomaculosus<\/em>, que posteriormente se describi\u00f3 cient\u00edficamente. Anna y yo nos sentimos instant\u00e1neamente atra\u00eddos por el cautivante segmento de cuatro minutos que describ\u00eda uno de los ejemplos de selecci\u00f3n sexual m\u00e1s sofisticados de los mares \u2014un comportamiento excepcional donde las hembras se imponen en la selecci\u00f3n de pareja\u2014. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"A<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Una sola especie de cangrejo ermita\u00f1o, Diogenes heteropsammicola, se ha adaptado a la vida simbi\u00f3tica con p\u00f3lipos solitarios de coral caminante que habita el arenoso terreno submarino de Amami. Los cangrejos ermita\u00f1os usan su par de largas antenas para filtrar las part\u00edculas de comida org\u00e1nica del agua.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Durante much\u00edsimo tiempo, no se nos hab\u00eda ocurrido que pod\u00edamos y deb\u00edamos visitar a estos peces globo. Nuestra mentalidad cambi\u00f3 cuando recibimos la noticia de que ten\u00edamos una conexi\u00f3n en Amami: Ume, nuestro h\u00e1bil divemaster de un viaje anterior a Jap\u00f3n, actualmente tiene y opera un peque\u00f1o centro de buceo en la isla. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Volamos con dos amigos de Tokio a Amami. Dos horas m\u00e1s tarde las ruedas aterrizaron en un verde paisaje monta\u00f1oso y boscoso que se elevaba desde el m\u00e1s azul de los mares. Esta isla aislada \u2014la s\u00e9ptima m\u00e1s grande de Jap\u00f3n\u2014, c\u00e9lebre desde hace mucho tiempo por su singular biodiversidad, fue incorporada a la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO en 2021. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El siempre sonriente Ume y dos camionetas nos recibieron \u2014y tambi\u00e9n a nuestro terror\u00edfico mont\u00f3n de equipaje\u2014 en el aeropuerto. Nos llevaron r\u00e1pidamente para disfrutar de una excursi\u00f3n de 80 minutos por acantilados cubiertos de verde a trav\u00e9s de 13 t\u00faneles de monta\u00f1a y en torno a una vasta laguna bordeada por manglares y repleta de kayakistas. Llegamos al extremo opuesto de la isla, donde los misteriosos c\u00edrculos fueron descubiertos, e hicimos el primero de los dos buceos con peces globo a la ma\u00f1ana siguiente. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desde un punto de amarre somero partimos detr\u00e1s de Ume, quien nos guio sobre una cresta y por una ladera de arena profunda que se extend\u00eda hasta donde pod\u00edamos ver. Este mundo vac\u00edo de arena infinita y algunos depredadores parec\u00eda una ubicaci\u00f3n conveniente para construir un nido para huevos sabrosos y llenos de grasa. Pero la soledad planteaba otra cuesti\u00f3n: \u00bfc\u00f3mo atraer\u00edan los machos a sus parejas en el medio de la nada? Una incitaci\u00f3n aceptable debe ser impecable en cada detalle con un premio que despierte el deseo de una hembra. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"male<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Un pez globo macho muy ocupado termina la primera etapa de construcci\u00f3n de un intrincado nido de huevos de 1,8 metros (6 pies) para impresionar a las hembras.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con el tiempo los peces globo resolvieron el asunto de una excelente manera, y crearon un castillo de arena circular dise\u00f1ado con precisi\u00f3n y adornado con baratijas marinas. Los investigadores registraron abundantes desoves en su primera temporada de monitoreo de los c\u00edrculos. Hembras un poco m\u00e1s grandes visitan los proyectos de edificaci\u00f3n durante la construcci\u00f3n, lo que hace que los laboriosos machos se esfuercen a\u00fan m\u00e1s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El proyecto, que tiene una duraci\u00f3n de siete a nueve d\u00edas, finaliza cuando la primera hembra pre\u00f1ada ingresa al c\u00edrculo central. Ubicados uno al lado del otro, ambos miembros de la pareja liberan gametos hacia un irresistible lecho de la arena m\u00e1s fina encauzada por una canalizaci\u00f3n hidrodin\u00e1mica de las corrientes con una estructura precisa y la implacable agitaci\u00f3n del macho. Despu\u00e9s de aparearse con m\u00faltiples parejas por varios d\u00edas, el futuro padre hace guardia hasta el nacimiento de sus cr\u00edas seis d\u00edas despu\u00e9s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nuestra visita a principios de mayo coincidi\u00f3 con la finalizaci\u00f3n de la primera etapa de construcci\u00f3n con todos los c\u00edrculos, picos y surcos radiales terminados. Durante la semana entrante el pez globo macho perfeccion\u00f3 las partes toscas hasta alcanzar la excelencia y le agreg\u00f3 detalles con trozos de corales y conchas. Pero hab\u00eda mucho m\u00e1s para ver en Amami. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuando regres\u00e1bamos a la embarcaci\u00f3n, vi a Anna haci\u00e9ndome se\u00f1as para que me acercara para ver otro extraordinario ejemplo de historia natural. El lecho marino \u2014que aparentemente estaba vac\u00edo\u2014 era el hogar de dos especies de corales caminantes que pasan de la fase pel\u00e1gica a asentarse en peque\u00f1as conchas de gaster\u00f3podos ya colonizadas por diminutos gusanos cacahuate simbi\u00f3ticos. Cada p\u00f3lipo solitario despliega una capa de calcio protectora sobre su vulnerable cuerpo, y deja una peque\u00f1a abertura. El orificio permite que el gusano recolector de desechos se alimente y desplace su coralito del tama\u00f1o de un dedal, como una oruga, manteniendo los delicados tent\u00e1culos del hu\u00e9sped erguidos y desenterrados. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hab\u00edamos estudiado la extra\u00f1a relaci\u00f3n simbi\u00f3tica hace a\u00f1os en Bali. Pero est\u00e1bamos en Amami, por lo que deb\u00eda haber alg\u00fan giro. En efecto, un cangrejo ermita\u00f1o end\u00e9mico que se alimenta por filtraci\u00f3n ha evolucionado\u2014 con el cuerpo estilizado y dem\u00e1s\u2014 y ha usurpado las labores de acarreo de corales de los gusanos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\u00a9 Alert Diver<\/em> - Q4 2023<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

MANY JAPANESE DIVERS LOVE UNDERSEA CREATURES, particularly the home-grown varieties living in abundance along the country\u2019s craggy volcanic coastlines and offshore islands. They also have an infatuation for the eccentric \u2014 the stranger the better. <\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":25967,"template":"","dan_alert_diver_categories":[68],"dan_alert_diver_issues":[488],"class_list":["post-25965","dan_alert_diver","type-dan_alert_diver","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","dan_alert_diver_categories-encounters","dan_alert_diver_issues-q4-2023"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJapan\u2019s Little Fish\u00a0with a Big Heart - DAN World<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"MANY JAPANESE DIVERS LOVE UNDERSEA CREATURES, particularly the home-grown varieties living in abundance along the country\u2019s craggy volcanic coastlines and offshore islands. 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