{"id":3768,"date":"2017-05-01T16:19:00","date_gmt":"2017-05-01T20:19:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.world.dan.org\/?post_type=dan_alert_diver&p=3768"},"modified":"2023-08-25T14:22:11","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T18:22:11","slug":"carbon-monoxide-the-silent-killer","status":"publish","type":"dan_alert_diver","link":"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/es\/alert-diver\/article\/carbon-monoxide-the-silent-killer\/","title":{"rendered":"Mon\u00f3xido de carbono: el asesino silencioso"},"content":{"rendered":"

La gesti\u00f3n de riesgos en nuestro mundo subacu\u00e1tico es una especie de paradoja: queremos que nuestras inmersiones est\u00e9n libres de accidentes e incidentes, pero el riesgo es inherente a aventurarse bajo el agua.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La identificaci\u00f3n de peligros y evaluaci\u00f3n de riesgos (HIRA), un programa basado en los principios generales de seguridad y adaptado a las situaciones a las que se aplica, es una herramienta que puede capacitar a las empresas y profesionales del buceo para evaluar, reconocer y, a continuaci\u00f3n, abordar sus planteamientos en relaci\u00f3n con sus riesgos.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con esta nueva columna pretendemos ofrecer a los profesionales del buceo y a los buceadores art\u00edculos \u00fatiles sobre los riesgos a los que se enfrentan los operadores de buceo, as\u00ed como formas pr\u00e1cticas, realistas y asequibles de mitigarlos. Comenzamos con un an\u00e1lisis sobre la prevenci\u00f3n de la intoxicaci\u00f3n por mon\u00f3xido de carbono.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El mon\u00f3xido de carbono (CO), un gas t\u00f3xico inodoro, ins\u00edpido e invisible que podr\u00eda introducirse en su botella de buceo, ha causado la muerte de submarinistas en todo el mundo.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Nuestro entorno natural deber\u00eda contener menos de 0,1 partes por mill\u00f3n (ppm) de CO. Las zonas ocupadas con fuentes potenciales de CO, seg\u00fan la Agencia de Protecci\u00f3n del Medio Ambiente de EE.UU., no pueden exponer a las personas a m\u00e1s de 9 ppm durante un periodo de ocho horas. Una exposici\u00f3n a corto plazo de hasta 35 ppm en una hora -no m\u00e1s de una vez al a\u00f1o- se considera segura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los submarinistas se enfrentan a un factor que complica las cosas: el valor equivalente en superficie (VES), lo que significa que tenemos que calcular nuestra exposici\u00f3n al CO en funci\u00f3n de la profundidad a la que buceamos. En una inmersi\u00f3n con aire a 130 pies, con el aire comprimido extra\u00eddo del entorno del compresor, un valor de 5 ppm (normalmente citado como l\u00edmite de seguridad) tendr\u00eda aproximadamente el mismo efecto que 25 ppm en la superficie. As\u00ed, los buceadores que realizan varias inmersiones al a\u00f1o podr\u00edan superar los l\u00edmites de seguridad aceptados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El CO se produce de varias maneras. La combusti\u00f3n incompleta de cualquier combustible (gas, gas\u00f3leo, queroseno y otros hidrocarburos) suele encabezar la lista y es la fuente m\u00e1s citada. Las empresas de submarinismo, especialmente las situadas en zonas remotas, pueden disponer de cualquier n\u00famero de veh\u00edculos de motor, embarcaciones y compresores o generadores alimentados por gas o gas\u00f3leo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero el CO tambi\u00e9n puede proceder de otras fuentes; los operadores de estaciones de llenado de botellas tambi\u00e9n deben tener en cuenta lo siguiente en sus entornos:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • hornos, calderas, calefactores de le\u00f1a, calentadores de agua, secadoras y cocinas<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • incendios de basura, pastos o bosques<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • frigor\u00edficos de gas<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • l\u00e1mparas de aceite o queroseno<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • parrillas\/barbacoas de carb\u00f3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • aceites vegetales utilizados para cocinar y preparar alimentos<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • cigarrillos y, sobre todo, puros<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • decapantes, reductores de \u00f3xido met\u00e1lico y otros disolventes org\u00e1nicos, as\u00ed como adhesivos de contacto no inflamables que contengan cloruro de metileno (CH2<\/sub>Cl22<\/sub>) (el h\u00edgado metaboliza este compuesto para producir CO)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • la soldadura, concretamente cuando el di\u00f3xido de carbono (CO2<\/sub>) como gas de protecci\u00f3n (CO2<\/sub>se descompone para formar CO durante el proceso de soldadura).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • fuentes de combustible de biomasa o vertederos que contengan vegetaci\u00f3n, residuos org\u00e1nicos, madera o microorganismos del suelo<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • l\u00edquidos de limpieza<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • productos qu\u00edmicos, agentes de reacci\u00f3n y sintetizadores<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Muchas de estas fuentes no son f\u00e1cilmente visibles y todas podr\u00edan encontrarse cerca de una estaci\u00f3n de llenado de aire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Propietarios y operadores de estaciones de llenado de botellas, tomen nota y aseg\u00farense de realizar una evaluaci\u00f3n de riesgos exhaustiva de su entorno antes de decidir d\u00f3nde colocar sus compresores. La concienciaci\u00f3n continua de los riesgos introducidos tras la colocaci\u00f3n inicial es igualmente importante. Saber qu\u00e9 buscar facilita la gesti\u00f3n de este riesgo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00a9 Alert Diver<\/em> - Q2 Primavera 2017<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    El mon\u00f3xido de carbono (CO), un gas t\u00f3xico inodoro, ins\u00edpido e invisible que podr\u00eda introducirse en su botella de buceo, ha causado la muerte de submarinistas en todo el mundo.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":8640,"template":"","dan_alert_diver_categories":[90],"dan_alert_diver_issues":[418],"class_list":["post-3768","dan_alert_diver","type-dan_alert_diver","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","dan_alert_diver_categories-dan-mission","dan_alert_diver_issues-q2-2017"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCarbon Monoxide: The Silent Killer - DAN World<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Carbon monoxide (CO), an odorless, tasteless and invisible toxic gas has caused the deaths of divers all around the world.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/es\/alert-diver\/article\/carbon-monoxide-the-silent-killer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Carbon Monoxide: The Silent Killer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Carbon monoxide (CO), an odorless, tasteless and invisible toxic gas has caused the deaths of divers all around the world.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/es\/alert-diver\/article\/carbon-monoxide-the-silent-killer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DAN World\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-08-25T18:22:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/carbon-monoxide-169403816-DAN-1200x800-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.dan.org\\\/alert-diver\\\/article\\\/carbon-monoxide-the-silent-killer\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.dan.org\\\/alert-diver\\\/article\\\/carbon-monoxide-the-silent-killer\\\/\",\"name\":\"Carbon Monoxide: The Silent Killer - 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