{"id":19498,"date":"2021-12-11T09:43:45","date_gmt":"2021-12-11T14:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wordpress.world.dan.org\/?post_type=dan_alert_diver&p=19498"},"modified":"2023-05-31T18:05:51","modified_gmt":"2023-05-31T22:05:51","slug":"better-enabling-human-survival","status":"publish","type":"dan_alert_diver","link":"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/fr\/alert-diver\/article\/better-enabling-human-survival\/","title":{"rendered":"Mieux assurer la survie de l'humanit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rachel Lance s'int\u00e9resse aux environnements extr\u00eames et \u00e0 l'am\u00e9lioration de la communication scientifique.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rachel Lance, Ph.D., is an assistant consulting professor at the Duke Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology and an author with Penguin Random House. She holds a bachelor\u2019s and master\u2019s degree in biomedical engineering from the University of Michigan and a Ph.D. in the same field from Duke University. Her initial work focused on the fluid mechanics of breathing and got her a job as a mechanical engineer with the U.S. Navy. When she came to Duke for her doctoral work, she began focusing on extreme environments, particularly the effects of explosions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Rachel
Lance peers through the porthole of the hyperbaric chamber designated \u201cGolf\u201d at Duke University. The Golf chamber was used in the Aquarius research series, which took human subjects to pressures of 2,100 feet of seawater, and is one of Duke\u2019s seven interconnected chambers. Several chambers can also be taken to lowered pressures to simulate high altitudes and outer space travel.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOnce I crawled inside the Duke hyperbaric chambers,\u201d Lance said, \u201cI fell in love and refused to leave.\u201d She currently splits her time between work as a research professor and authoring nonfiction books about science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu'est-ce qui a suscit\u00e9 votre int\u00e9r\u00eat pour la plong\u00e9e et la physiologie hyperbare ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The human body is fascinating, especially when it fails. We are not naturally equipped to survive in a deep underwater environment, so I am fascinated with the idea of finding ways to do so anyway. Perhaps it\u2019s my naturally rebellious side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu'est-ce qui vous a int\u00e9ress\u00e9 en premier lieu, la plong\u00e9e ou la science de la plong\u00e9e ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sans aucun doute la plong\u00e9e. J'ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 plonger en Californie du Sud, dans le parc de plong\u00e9e de l'\u00eele de Catalina, et je pense que j'\u00e9tais la seule personne de ma classe \u00e0 aimer calculer les tables de plong\u00e9e. J'ai ador\u00e9 la fa\u00e7on dont nous pouvions appliquer les math\u00e9matiques et la physiologie pour assurer notre s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans un environnement qui aurait pu \u00eatre incroyablement hostile. Ensuite, j'ai commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 travailler b\u00e9n\u00e9volement \u00e0 la chambre hyperbare de Catalina de l'universit\u00e9 de Californie du Sud, o\u00f9 je pillais r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement la biblioth\u00e8que du site pour y trouver des manuels sur la science de la plong\u00e9e et les lire sur une falaise surplombant l'oc\u00e9an. \u00c0 partir de l\u00e0, je me suis donn\u00e9 pour mission de faire de la science de la plong\u00e9e une carri\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment avez-vous commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 plonger ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsque j'\u00e9tais en deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e, mon professeur nous a donn\u00e9 des photocopies de John Goddard\u2019s Life List<\/em>. At a young age Goddard had listed all the things he wanted to accomplish during his life, which eventually encouraged him to become an adventurer. The assignment was for us to make our own list, but my eyes were laser-focused on one particular item on Goddard\u2019s list: dive the Great Barrier Reef. I was a scrawny, myopic 6-year-old from inland Michigan, and the water petrified my mother, but literally all I could think to add to my life list were places to dive. From there it became a matter of time until I could scrape together the money and opportunity to learn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 votre plong\u00e9e la plus effrayante ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

My scariest dive happened when I was serving as a divemaster for an instructor friend. It was a beach dive off a jetty in Florida, and the water was murky, so even though the class was small and they weren\u2019t going deep, he asked me to join and bring up the rear to keep the class together. I could barely see the fin tips of the student in front of me through the silt, but it quickly became apparent something terrible had happened to them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I helped them surface quickly but safely, even though they were obviously in severe pain. It turned out some tourists had cast fishing lines over the class despite our prominent, visible dive buoy, and one of them had hooked the student, embedding the fishhook deep into their foot through their neoprene boot. I was thankful we hadn\u2019t been deep when it happened, but I made sure to cut away the fisher\u2019s bobber and weights as a small act of retaliation when I cut the student loose. The wound was bad enough that I had to tank-tow them back to shore for medical attention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quel est votre site de plong\u00e9e pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'adore les plates-formes p\u00e9troli\u00e8res au large de la c\u00f4te sud de la Californie. Ces plates-formes ont des pieds en forme d'\u00e9chasses qui atteignent des centaines de pieds de profondeur, ce qui donne l'impression de plonger dans une cath\u00e9drale bleue profonde et sans fond, surmont\u00e9e d'un plafond en vitrail au-dessus de vous, rempli de lions de mer qui gambadent. Les courants peuvent \u00eatre assez violents, mais la beaut\u00e9 est incroyable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Lance
Lance est assis devant les panneaux de contr\u00f4le des chambres hyperbares de Duke.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sur quoi avez-vous travaill\u00e9 pour la marine am\u00e9ricaine ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

J'ai travaill\u00e9 au Naval Surface Warfare Center Panama City Division, sur la m\u00eame base et juste en face du parking de l'unit\u00e9 de plong\u00e9e exp\u00e9rimentale de la marine. Lorsque je travaillais \u00e0 Panama City, en Floride, mes principaux projets concernaient les recycleurs. Je faisais partie de la branche qui concevait les \u00e9quipements sous-marins, mais en tant que passionn\u00e9 de plong\u00e9e, les projets relatifs aux recycleurs \u00e9taient mes pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. J'ai travaill\u00e9 comme ing\u00e9nieur de projet pour convertir le recycleur Megalodon d'InnerSpace en un mod\u00e8le de qualit\u00e9 militaire, que le personnel de la marine utilise aujourd'hui sous le nom d'UBA Mk28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Que faites-vous \u00e0 Duke ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As assistant consulting professor at the Duke Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, I research questions of survival in extreme environments, most often underwater. Since I am a biomedical engineer, I have a particular place in my heart for projects that develop and test new technology to better enable human survival underwater or allow measurement of what is happening with human physiology while we are underwater. Since hyperbarics and the deep ocean are unique environments, most common tools aren\u2019t built for use in them, so our community has to engineer our own equipment to conduct medical research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quels sont les grands th\u00e8mes de la science de la plong\u00e9e auxquels la communaut\u00e9 sera confront\u00e9e au cours des dix prochaines ann\u00e9es ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I\u2019m interested to see what we do with oxygen toxicity, specifically being able to predict central nervous system oxygen toxicity. Oxygen toxicity is such a monster of mystery that we don\u2019t have great guidelines for predicting it, except to tell people to stay below a certain threshold. We don\u2019t even have clear markers for predicting an oxygen convulsion if someone is hooked up to an electroencephalogram when the convulsion happens. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I think a couple of interesting projects are happening right now that have the potential to pull a few threads out of this complex knot and maybe begin to unravel it just a bit. New projects aim at looking at what\u2019s happening inside the brain during elevated oxygen exposures. A few researchers are collectively working at putting together some new, larger data sets that might provide more insight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Lance
Lance d\u00e9tient le CSS Tiny, le H.L. Hunley<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour r\u00e9aliser des exp\u00e9riences avec des explosifs r\u00e9els.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

What\u2019s up with that Civil War submarine?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oh, tu parles de mon vieux copain, le H.L. Hunley<\/em>? Les Hunley<\/em> was a homemade \u2014 yes, homemade \u2014 submarine used by the Confederacy during the Civil War. It became famous as the first submarine ever to sink an enemy ship in combat when it sank the USS Housatonic<\/em> on Feb. 17, 1864, but it disappeared after its victory. Even after it was recovered in 2000, the mystery of its disappearance only deepened when the crew\u2019s remains were discovered inside with no signs of skeletal damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le myst\u00e8re de la Hunley<\/em> started as a side interest and slowly snowballed until it consumed my life. It became part of my doctoral dissertation on underwater blast trauma, and I picked away at the story until I felt confident saying the underwater blast killed the crew. Because of my experience with dive science, I was able to evaluate the air supply inside the submarine\u2019s hull and conclude that the crew likely didn\u2019t die from running out of oxygen inside the enclosed space. That project was even more proof that a good base of dive knowledge will serve you well in unexpected places. I eventually turned that project\u2019s story into a book when people kept asking me questions about the work, which is unusual when you\u2019re a scientist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Combien de temps vous a-t-il fallu pour \u00e9crire ce livre ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il a fallu environ un an pour \u00e9crire Dans les vagues<\/em>, le livre sur la Hunley<\/em> <\/em>project. I had already compiled all the historical documents from working on the project during my doctoral dissertation, but I hadn\u2019t researched the story\u2019s human aspect. I wanted to make sure that I painted each character as a real, complete human being with nuance and complexity, and that took some legwork, given that they died more than 150 years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Lance
Lance se trouve \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur du sas sous pression du caisson original install\u00e9 en 1943 au Royal Naval Physiological Laboratory de Gosport, au Royaume-Uni, et qui est aujourd'hui expos\u00e9 au Diving Museum de Gosport.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

You were recently out of the country to research another book. What\u2019s the next one going to be about, and when can we expect to read it?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prochain livre est provisoirement intitul\u00e9 Les plongeurs de la Chambre : Le travail secret d'un groupe d'hommes et de femmes francs-tireurs qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 gagner la Seconde Guerre mondiale<\/em>. As the name suggests, it\u2019s about some hyperbaric chamber researchers. It is a nonfiction story of scientists who did some exciting and extremely dangerous experiments on themselves during the war. Almost everyone in the group had a serious injury during the testing, but what they learned about underwater survival ultimately enabled the scouting of the beaches of Normandy before D-Day, which informed the success of the landings. Their work was highly classified until 2001, which is why the story has never been public before. A highlight of the research was finding a handwritten note from Jacques Cousteau thanking the group for teaching him about underwater physiology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malheureusement, le calendrier a \u00e9t\u00e9 retard\u00e9 en raison de la pand\u00e9mie qui m'a emp\u00each\u00e9 d'effectuer les recherches sur place au Royaume-Uni, mais maintenant que j'ai tous les documents n\u00e9cessaires, je travaille \u00e0 plein r\u00e9gime. Je travaille avec la m\u00eame formidable \u00e9quipe litt\u00e9raire que celle de Dans les vagues<\/em> et j'esp\u00e8re que le livre sortira au d\u00e9but de l'ann\u00e9e 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y a-t-il autre chose que vous aimeriez partager avec nos lecteurs ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans mon enfance, j'ai toujours voulu \u00eatre un scientifique ou un ing\u00e9nieur et je ne me suis jamais consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un \u00e9crivain. Maintenant que je suis scientifique, ing\u00e9nieur et \u00e9crivain, je me rends compte \u00e0 quel point ces mondes se recoupent. Tout ce qui touche \u00e0 la science est plus facile lorsque vous pouvez communiquer clairement et succinctement les r\u00e9sultats de votre travail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a9 Alert Diver<\/em> \u2014 Q3\/Q4 2021<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In her work, Rachel Lance, Ph.D., focuses on extreme environments, particularly the effects of explosions. \u201cThe human body is fascinating, especially when it fails,\u201d she says. \u201cWe are not naturally equipped to survive in a deep underwater environment, so I am fascinated with the idea of finding ways to do so anyway. Perhaps it\u2019s my naturally rebellious side.\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":19499,"template":"","dan_alert_diver_categories":[90],"dan_alert_diver_issues":[474],"class_list":["post-19498","dan_alert_diver","type-dan_alert_diver","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","dan_alert_diver_categories-dan-mission","dan_alert_diver_issues-q3-q4-2021"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBetter Enabling Human Survival - DAN World<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rachel Lance explores extreme environments and improving science communication.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/fr\/alert-diver\/article\/better-enabling-human-survival\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Better Enabling Human Survival\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rachel Lance explores extreme environments and improving science communication.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/fr\/alert-diver\/article\/better-enabling-human-survival\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DAN World\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-31T22:05:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/rachel-lance-performs-early-buoyancy-test-on-partially-completed-css-tiny-model-1200.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Rachel Lance explores extreme environments and improving science communication.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.dan.org\\\/alert-diver\\\/article\\\/better-enabling-human-survival\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.dan.org\\\/alert-diver\\\/article\\\/better-enabling-human-survival\\\/\",\"name\":\"Better Enabling Human Survival - 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