{"id":22240,"date":"2022-06-15T14:15:11","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T18:15:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/?post_type=dan_alert_diver&p=22240"},"modified":"2023-02-08T17:40:15","modified_gmt":"2023-02-08T22:40:15","slug":"oxygen-cleaning-of-dive-gear-a-two-part-series-2-3","status":"publish","type":"dan_alert_diver","link":"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/fr\/alert-diver\/article\/oxygen-cleaning-of-dive-gear-a-two-part-series\/","title":{"rendered":"Nettoyage \u00e0 l'oxyg\u00e8ne du mat\u00e9riel de plong\u00e9e : Une s\u00e9rie en deux parties"},"content":{"rendered":"
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LES INCENDIES DANS LES \u00c9QUIPEMENTS D'OXYG\u00c8NE COMPRIM\u00c9<\/span><\/strong> sont rares, m\u00eame si nous entendons parler d'accidents potentiellement mortels - un incendie de recycleur, un accident de r\u00e9gulateur d'oxyg\u00e8ne d'urgence ou un incendie de syst\u00e8me de m\u00e9lange de gaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plusieurs questions essentielles se posent : Pourquoi les situations o\u00f9 les niveaux d'oxyg\u00e8ne sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s et o\u00f9 les mains ou les \u00e9tablis sont sales ne provoquent-elles pas toujours un incendie ? Quelle est la quantit\u00e9 d'oxyg\u00e8ne suffisante dans un gaz respiratoire pour augmenter le risque d'incendie ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re question se trouve dans le terme statistique \"probabiliste\". Il arrive que des mat\u00e9riaux plac\u00e9s dans 100 % d'oxyg\u00e8ne \u00e0 2 000 psi et chauff\u00e9s \u00e0 400\u00b0F s'enflamment spontan\u00e9ment. Parfois, ils ne s'enflamment pas. S'il y a une raison \u00e0 cela, il est probable que m\u00eame les scientifiques les plus qualifi\u00e9s ne pourront pas l'expliquer compl\u00e8tement. Mais nous devons faire preuve de prudence. Aucun feu d'oxyg\u00e8ne n'est acceptable, et des blessures graves ou des d\u00e9c\u00e8s sont souvent \u00e0 d\u00e9plorer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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\"inspection
Photo : Stephen Frink <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Le nombre de mol\u00e9cules d'oxyg\u00e8ne dans une bouteille de plong\u00e9e remplie d'air \u00e0 3 000 psi est 207 fois sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 ce que l'on trouve dans l'atmosph\u00e8re. Il existe d'autres facteurs, mais m\u00eame une bouteille de plong\u00e9e charg\u00e9e peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme enrichie en oxyg\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les incendies dans nos syst\u00e8mes d'air sont extr\u00eamement rares. Si l'on fait abstraction des sources d'inflammation et des mat\u00e9riaux inflammables, nous nous concentrons sur les situations o\u00f9 la quantit\u00e9 d'oxyg\u00e8ne augmente le risque d'incendie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De nombreux codes, normes, sp\u00e9cifications, lignes directrices et pratiques industrielles donnent des d\u00e9finitions diff\u00e9rentes des gaz respiratoires enrichis en oxyg\u00e8ne. Nous entendons dire que 40 % de nitrox ne n\u00e9cessite pas d'\u00e9quipement de nettoyage \u00e0 l'oxyg\u00e8ne. Comment conna\u00eetre le niveau acceptable et s\u00fbr avec toutes ces informations contradictoires ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le tableau 1 r\u00e9sume les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences indiquant quand le gaz est enrichi en oxyg\u00e8ne. De mani\u00e8re r\u00e9aliste, nous pourrions fixer la limite \u00e0 25 % maximum, mais il est important de se demander o\u00f9 le niveau a \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9, quelle est la pression maximale pr\u00e9vue et comment l'oxyg\u00e8ne est obtenu au-del\u00e0 de 21 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les recherches men\u00e9es par la marine dans les ann\u00e9es 1960 et 1970 comprenaient des \u00e9tudes sur les incendies avec diff\u00e9rents niveaux d'enrichissement en oxyg\u00e8ne, des m\u00e9langes de gaz respiratoires et des pressions environnementales. Les r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 qu'\u00e0 mesure que la pression augmente, la vitesse de flamme des mat\u00e9riaux s'accro\u00eet rapidement avec l'augmentation des concentrations d'oxyg\u00e8ne. Au-del\u00e0 de 25 %, la vitesse de combustion augmente rapidement. \u00c0 40 % d'oxyg\u00e8ne et 90 psi, la vitesse de combustion est 50 % plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que les 21 % d'oxyg\u00e8ne de l'air normal. \u00c0 des pressions plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es, 40 % se transforme rapidement en boule de feu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour les applications \u00e0 plus basse pression, telles que les ombilicaux de plong\u00e9e commerciale, les niveaux d'oxyg\u00e8ne peuvent \u00eatre sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 25 %. \u00c0 la pression de 3 000 psi d'une bouteille de plong\u00e9e, les paris sont ouverts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La norme de l'American Society for Testing and Materials relative \u00e0 la s\u00e9lection et \u00e0 la conception des mat\u00e9riaux de l'\u00e9quipement fournit la r\u00e9ponse la plus d\u00e9fendable : Pour une utilisation \u00e0 25 % et plus, tous les \u00e9quipements de plong\u00e9e \u00e0 haute pression doivent \u00eatre nettoy\u00e9s pour l'utilisation de l'oxyg\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans le prochain num\u00e9ro de Alert Diver<\/em>La deuxi\u00e8me partie portera sur les crit\u00e8res d'\u00e9puration de l'oxyg\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Alert Diver<\/em> - Q2 2022<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

FIRES IN COMPRESSED OXYGEN EQUIPMENT are rare, even though we hear about life-threatening accidents \u2014 a rebreather fire, an emergency oxygen regulator accident, or a gas blending system fire. 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