{"id":3975,"date":"2020-07-05T13:50:29","date_gmt":"2020-07-05T17:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wordpress.world.dan.org\/?post_type=dan_diseases_conds&#038;p=3975"},"modified":"2026-04-14T13:50:22","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T17:50:22","slug":"womens-health-and-diving","status":"publish","type":"dan_diseases_conds","link":"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/fr\/health-medicine\/health-resources\/diseases-conditions\/womens-health-and-diving\/","title":{"rendered":"La sant\u00e9 des femmes et la plong\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les femmes de tous \u00e2ges ont des besoins uniques en termes de sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, qui sont tr\u00e8s individuels et d\u00e9termin\u00e9s par de nombreux facteurs personnels et environnementaux. Il existe un large \u00e9ventail de probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9, notamment certains cancers ou des complications li\u00e9es \u00e0 certaines proc\u00e9dures, et les sympt\u00f4mes et la gravit\u00e9 de nombreuses affections varient d'un individu \u00e0 l'autre, ce qui peut compliquer le diagnostic ou le traitement. Vous trouverez ci-dessous des conditions et des sc\u00e9narios courants qui touchent les femmes, des cancers \u00e0 l'allaitement, et qui peuvent tous avoir un impact sur la plong\u00e9e. Cliquez sur chaque condition pour en savoir plus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-1&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-1\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Cancer du sein<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-1\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Les tumeurs mammaires ne sont pas rares, surtout apr\u00e8s 30 ans. Les tumeurs peuvent \u00eatre canc\u00e9reuses (malignes) ou non canc\u00e9reuses (b\u00e9nignes). Environ 1 femme sur 9 d\u00e9veloppera un cancer du sein. La d\u00e9tection pr\u00e9coce peut se faire par des auto-examens manuels r\u00e9guliers des seins, mais toutes les tumeurs ne sont pas d\u00e9tectables de cette mani\u00e8re. La mammographie (radiographie du sein) peut d\u00e9tecter des tumeurs que l'examen manuel ne peut pas d\u00e9tecter. L'American Cancer Society recommande ce qui suit :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les femmes \u00e2g\u00e9es de 20 ans et plus devraient proc\u00e9der \u00e0 un auto-examen des seins tous les mois.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les femmes \u00e2g\u00e9es de 20 \u00e0 39 ans devraient subir un examen physique des seins tous les trois ans, effectu\u00e9 par un professionnel de la sant\u00e9 tel qu'un m\u00e9decin, un assistant m\u00e9dical, une infirmi\u00e8re ou une infirmi\u00e8re praticienne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les femmes \u00e2g\u00e9es de 40 ans et plus devraient subir un examen physique des seins tous les ans, effectu\u00e9 par un professionnel de la sant\u00e9 tel qu'un m\u00e9decin, un assistant m\u00e9dical, une infirmi\u00e8re ou une infirmi\u00e8re praticienne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les femmes de 40 ans et plus devraient passer une mammographie tous les ans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tumors are often removed surgically and treatment of malignant tumors may involve surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy \u2013 or a combination of two or three of these procedures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La chimioth\u00e9rapie et la radioth\u00e9rapie peuvent avoir des effets toxiques sur le poumon, les tissus environnants et les cellules du corps qui ont un cycle de croissance rapide, comme les cellules sanguines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les m\u00e9dicaments cytotoxiques (chimioth\u00e9rapie) et la radioth\u00e9rapie peuvent avoir des effets secondaires d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ables tels que des naus\u00e9es et des vomissements, et un traitement prolong\u00e9 peut entra\u00eener une forte baisse d'\u00e9nergie. Il est donc d\u00e9conseill\u00e9 de plonger lorsque l'on ressent de tels effets secondaires. Les radiations et certains produits chimioth\u00e9rapeutiques peuvent provoquer une toxicit\u00e9 pulmonaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L'\u00e9valuation visant \u00e0 \u00e9tablir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d'une reprise de la plong\u00e9e doit comprendre une \u00e9valuation des poumons afin de s'assurer de l'absence de l\u00e9sions susceptibles de pr\u00e9disposer le plongeur \u00e0 une suppression pulmonaire (embolie gazeuse art\u00e9rielle, pneumothorax ou pneumom\u00e9diastin).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin, avant de plonger, la cicatrisation doit avoir lieu et le chirurgien doit s'assurer que l'immersion dans l'eau sal\u00e9e ne contribuera pas \u00e0 l'infection de la plaie. La force, la condition physique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et le bien-\u00eatre devraient revenir \u00e0 la normale. Le risque d'infection, qui peut avoir augment\u00e9 temporairement pendant la chimioth\u00e9rapie ou la radioth\u00e9rapie, doit \u00eatre revenu \u00e0 la normale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-2&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-2-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-2\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Cancer de l\u2019ovaire<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-2\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-2-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Les tumeurs ovariennes peuvent \u00eatre malignes (canc\u00e9reuses) ou b\u00e9nignes (non canc\u00e9reuses). Les tumeurs peuvent \u00eatre dures ou se pr\u00e9senter sous la forme d'un sac creux (kystes). Les kystes sont parfois remplis de liquide et repr\u00e9sentent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la forme non canc\u00e9reuse d'une tumeur ovarienne. Les tumeurs ovariennes ne sont pas si rares. Il n'existe pas de test ou de d\u00e9pistage fiable du cancer de l'ovaire. Les tests diagnostiques CA 125 et l'\u00e9chographie sont souvent recommand\u00e9s, mais ils ont un taux tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 de faux positifs et de faux n\u00e9gatifs, et les tests peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme anormaux dans de nombreuses autres maladies que le cancer de l'ovaire. Les frottis peuvent parfois pr\u00e9senter des morceaux de calcium, appel\u00e9s corps de psammome, qui peuvent indiquer la pr\u00e9sence de tumeurs ovariennes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En ce qui concerne la plong\u00e9e, la principale pr\u00e9occupation serait les effets sur le corps de la chirurgie et\/ou des traitements de radioth\u00e9rapie\/chimioth\u00e9rapie. Tout d'abord, si une intervention chirurgicale a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e, une cicatrisation compl\u00e8te doit avoir eu lieu \u00e0 l'endroit de l'incision. Force et un sentiment g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de bien-\u00eatre sont revenus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les m\u00e9dicaments cytotoxiques (chimioth\u00e9rapie) ont des effets secondaires d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ables, tels que naus\u00e9es et vomissements, et un traitement prolong\u00e9 entra\u00eene g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une forte baisse d'\u00e9nergie en raison de leurs effets cytotoxiques. Il est donc d\u00e9conseill\u00e9 de plonger lorsque l'on ressent de tels effets secondaires. Certains de ces m\u00e9dicaments peuvent entra\u00eener une toxicit\u00e9 pulmonaire et les patients peuvent pr\u00e9senter une d\u00e9ficience fonctionnelle pulmonaire r\u00e9siduelle pendant un an ou plus apr\u00e8s la fin du traitement. Des \u00e9tudes de la fonction pulmonaire peuvent \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaires pour v\u00e9rifier que la ventilation est ad\u00e9quate et que les voies respiratoires pulmonaires sont d\u00e9gag\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-3&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-3\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Tumeurs ovarienne<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-3\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Les tumeurs ovariennes peuvent \u00eatre malignes (canc\u00e9reuses) ou b\u00e9nignes (non canc\u00e9reuses). Les tumeurs peuvent \u00eatre dures ou se pr\u00e9senter sous la forme d'un sac creux (kystes). Les kystes sont parfois remplis de liquide et repr\u00e9sentent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement la forme non canc\u00e9reuse d'une tumeur ovarienne. Les tumeurs ovariennes ne sont pas rares et, si elles sont identifi\u00e9es \u00e0 un stade pr\u00e9coce, elles peuvent \u00eatre enlev\u00e9es par chirurgie ou par radioth\u00e9rapie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En ce qui concerne la plong\u00e9e, la principale pr\u00e9occupation serait les effets sur le corps de la chirurgie et\/ou des traitements de radioth\u00e9rapie\/chimioth\u00e9rapie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-4&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-4-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-4\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Grossesse<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-4\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-4-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>La grossesse est la p\u00e9riode pendant laquelle un f\u0153tus se d\u00e9veloppe dans l'ut\u00e9rus d'une femme. La grossesse d'une femme dure g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement environ 40 semaines, soit un peu plus de neuf mois, entre les derni\u00e8res r\u00e8gles et l'accouchement. Une date d'accouchement estim\u00e9e peut \u00eatre calcul\u00e9e en d\u00e9terminant le premier jour des derni\u00e8res r\u00e8gles et en comptant jusqu'\u00e0 trois mois \u00e0 partir de cette date. Ajoutez ensuite un an et sept jours \u00e0 cette date. C'est ce qu'on appelle la r\u00e8gle de Naegele, bas\u00e9e sur un cycle typique de 28 jours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe peu de donn\u00e9es scientifiques concernant la plong\u00e9e pendant la grossesse. La plupart des donn\u00e9es disponibles sont anecdotiques. Les \u00e9tudes de laboratoire se limitent \u00e0 la recherche sur les animaux et les r\u00e9sultats sont contradictoires. Certains questionnaires r\u00e9trospectifs de type enqu\u00eate ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s, mais ils sont limit\u00e9s par l'interpr\u00e9tation des donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An issue to keep in mind is the risk of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/local.world.dan.test\/health-medicine\/health-resources\/diseases-conditions\/decompression-illness-what-is-it-and-what-is-the-treatment\/\"><strong>la maladie de d\u00e9compression<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>(DCI)<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;to the mother due to the physiological changes which occur while pregnant. During pregnancy, maternal body fluid distribution is altered, and this redistribution decreases the exchange of dissolved gases in the central circulation. Theoretically, this fluid may be a site of nitrogen retention. Fluid retention during pregnancy may also cause nasopharyngeal swelling, which can lead to nose and ear stuffiness. In regards to diving, these may increase a pregnant woman\u2019s risk of ear or sinus squeezes. Pregnant women experiencing morning sickness, which could then couple with motion sickness from a rocking boat, may have to deal with nausea and vomiting during a dive. This is an unpleasant experience and could lead to more serious problems if the diver panics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Due to the limited data available and the uncertainty of the effects of diving on a fetus, diving represents an increased exposure for the risk of injury during pregnancy. There\u2019s a baseline incidence of injury including cases of DCI in diving. One must consider the effects on the fetus if the mother must undergo&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/local.world.dan.test\/alert-diver\/article\/recompression-chamber-safety\/\"><strong>recompression treatment<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-5&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-5\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Reprendre la plong\u00e9e apr\u00e8s un accouchement<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-5\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\">La plong\u00e9e, comme tout autre sport, exige un certain degr\u00e9 de conditionnement et de\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/fr\/health-medicine\/health-resources\/diseases-conditions\/juggling-physical-exercise-and-diving\/\" target=\"_self\"><strong>forme physique<\/strong><\/a>. Les plongeuses qui souhaitent reprendre la plong\u00e9e en post-partum (apr\u00e8s la naissance d'un enfant) doivent suivre les directives sugg\u00e9r\u00e9es pour d'autres sports et activit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s un accouchement par voie basse, les femmes peuvent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement reprendre une activit\u00e9 l\u00e9g\u00e8re ou mod\u00e9r\u00e9e dans un d\u00e9lai d'une \u00e0 trois semaines. Cela d\u00e9pend de plusieurs facteurs : le niveau de conditionnement ant\u00e9rieur, l'exercice et le conditionnement pendant la grossesse, les complications li\u00e9es \u00e0 la grossesse, la fatigue post-partum et l'an\u00e9mie, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant. Les femmes qui ont suivi un programme d'exercices physiques avant la grossesse et l'accouchement reprennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement leurs programmes d'exercices et leur participation \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s sportives trois ou quatre semaines apr\u00e8s l'accouchement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les obst\u00e9triciens recommandent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d'\u00e9viter les rapports sexuels et l'immersion pendant 21 jours apr\u00e8s l'accouchement. Cela permet au col de l'ut\u00e9rus de se refermer, r\u00e9duisant ainsi le risque d'introduction d'une infection dans les voies g\u00e9nitales. Il est conseill\u00e9 d'attendre quatre semaines apr\u00e8s l'accouchement avant de reprendre la plong\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After a cesarean delivery (often called a C-section, made via a surgical incision through the walls of the abdomen and uterus), wound-healing has to be included in the equation. Most obstetricians advise waiting at least four to six weeks after this kind of delivery before resuming full activity. Given the need to regain some measure of lost conditioning, coupled with wound healing, and the significant weight-bearing load of carrying dive gear, it\u2019s advisable to wait at least eight weeks after a C-section before returning to diving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Any moderate or severe medical complication of pregnancy \u2013 such as twins, pre-term labor, hypertension or diabetes \u2013 may further delay return to diving. Prolonged bed rest in these cases may have led to profound deconditioning and loss of aerobic capacity and muscle mass. For women who have had deliveries with medical complications, a medical screening and clearance are advisable before they return to diving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Caring for a newborn may interfere with a woman\u2019s attempts to recover her strength and stamina. Newborn care, characterized by poor sleep and fatigue, is a rigorous and demanding time in life.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-6&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-6-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-6\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">L'allaitement<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-6\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-6-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Une m\u00e8re peut choisir d'allaiter son enfant tout en menant une vie active. Cela peut durer des semaines ou des mois, selon les pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences de la m\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Peut-on faire de la plong\u00e9e sous-marine en toute s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pendant l'allaitement?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the standpoint of the child, the mother\u2019s breast milk is not unduly affected. The nitrogen absorbed into the body tissues is a component of breathing compressed air or other gas mixes containing nitrogen. This form of nitrogen is an inert gas and plays no role in body metabolism. Although nitrogen accumulates in all of the tissues and fluids of the body, washout after a dive occurs quickly. Insignificant amounts of this nitrogen would be present in the mother\u2019s breast milk; there is, however, no risk of the infant accumulating this nitrogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the mother\u2019s standpoint, there is no reason for a woman who is breastfeeding her child to avoid diving, provided there is no infection or inflammation of the breast.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-7&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-7-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-7\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Endom\u00e9triose<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-7\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-7-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Dans le cas de l'endom\u00e9triose, le tissu contenant les cellules endom\u00e9triales typiques est pr\u00e9sent de mani\u00e8re anormale \u00e0 divers endroits en dehors de l'ut\u00e9rus. Pendant les r\u00e8gles, ce tissu endom\u00e9trial anormal, comme la paroi de l'ut\u00e9rus, subit des saignements cycliques. Le sang contenu dans ce tissu endom\u00e9trial n'a aucun moyen de s'\u00e9couler vers l'ext\u00e9rieur du corps. En cons\u00e9quence, le sang s'accumule dans les tissus environnants, provoquant douleur et g\u00eane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because endometriosis can cause increased bleeding, cramping, amount and duration of menstrual flow, diving may not be in a woman\u2019s best interest when she experiences severe symptoms. Nevertheless, there is no evidence that a woman with endometriosis diving at other times is at any greater risk of diving-related disease than a person without this condition.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-8&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-8-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-8\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Hyst\u00e9rectomie<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-8\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-8-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Il s'agit d'une intervention chirurgicale au cours de laquelle l'ut\u00e9rus entier est retir\u00e9 par la paroi abdominale ou par le vagin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All that has been said about diving after a cesarean section (see \u201cReturn to Diving After Giving Birth,\u201d above) applies to diving after general surgery, including a hysterectomy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Women may resume diving after a hysterectomy, but they should wait until they have recovered general strength and fitness before they take the plunge \u2013 usually six to eight weeks, and sometimes longer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En ce qui concerne la plong\u00e9e sous-marine, une hyst\u00e9rectomie est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme une intervention chirurgicale majeure. Il est recommand\u00e9 \u00e0 toute personne subissant une intervention chirurgicale abdominale d'attendre six \u00e0 huit semaines de convalescence avant de reprendre la plong\u00e9e. Si la proc\u00e9dure est compliqu\u00e9e de quelque mani\u00e8re que ce soit, par une infection, une an\u00e9mie ou d'autres probl\u00e8mes graves, il peut \u00eatre judicieux de retarder davantage la plong\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces recommandations s'appliquent \u00e0 tous les types d'hyst\u00e9rectomie :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L'ablation de l'ut\u00e9rus par voie abdominale (hyst\u00e9rectomie abdominale totale);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L'ablation de l'ut\u00e9rus par voie vaginale (hyst\u00e9rectomie vaginale);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L'ablation de l'ut\u00e9rus, des trompes et des ovaires (hyst\u00e9rectomie et salpingo-ovariectomie);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L'ablation de la partie sup\u00e9rieure de l'ut\u00e9rus, mais en laissant le col de l'ut\u00e9rus intact (hyst\u00e9rectomie subtotale).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-9&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-9-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-9\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Implants mammaires<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-9\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-9-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/fr\/health-medicine\/health-resources\/diseases-conditions\/breast-implants-and-diving\/\" target=\"_self\"><strong>Les implants en silicone et en solution saline<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0sont utilis\u00e9s pour l'am\u00e9lioration cosm\u00e9tique ou l'augmentation de la taille et de la forme normales des seins dans le cadre d'une reconstruction, en particulier apr\u00e8s une chirurgie mammaire radicale pour un cancer ou un traumatisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In one study, by Dr. Richard Vann, Vice President of Research at DAN, mammary (breast) implants were placed in the Duke University Medical Center hyperbaric chamber. The study did not simulate the implant in human tissue. Three types were tested: silicone-, saline-, and silicone-saline-filled. In this experiment, the researchers simulated various depth \/ time profiles of recreational scuba diving. Here\u2019s what they found: There was an insignificant increase in bubble size (1 to 4 percent) in both saline and silicone gel implants, depending on the depth and duration of the dive. The least volume change occurred in the saline-filled implant, because nitrogen is less soluble in saline than silicone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le type rempli de silicone et de sel a montr\u00e9 la plus grande variation de volume. La formation de bulles dans les implants a entra\u00een\u00e9 une petite augmentation de volume, qui n'est pas susceptible d'endommager les implants ou les tissus environnants. Si des bulles de gaz se forment dans l'implant, elles disparaissent avec le temps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une fois qu'un d\u00e9lai suffisant s'est \u00e9coul\u00e9 apr\u00e8s l'op\u00e9ration, que la plongeuse a repris ses activit\u00e9s normales et qu'il n'y a pas de risque d'infection, elle peut commencer \u00e0 faire de la plong\u00e9e sous-marine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les implants mammaires ne posent pas de probl\u00e8me pour la plong\u00e9e du point de vue de l'absorption de gaz ou des changements de taille et ne constituent pas une contre-indication \u00e0 la participation \u00e0 la plong\u00e9e sous-marine de loisir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9vitez les compensateurs de flottabilit\u00e9 dot\u00e9s de sangles thoraciques trop serr\u00e9es, qui peuvent exercer une pression excessive sur les coutures et contribuer au risque de rupture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Consid\u00e9rations Suppl\u00e9mentaires :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les implants mammaires remplis de s\u00e9rum physiologique ont une flottabilit\u00e9 neutre. Les implants en silicone sont toutefois plus lourds que l'eau et peuvent modifier la flottabilit\u00e9 et l'attitude (assiette) dans l'eau, en particulier si les implants sont de grande taille. Une formation appropri\u00e9e et un ajustement ad\u00e9quat des poids permettent de surmonter ces difficult\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-10&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-10-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-10\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Syndrome pr\u00e9menstruel<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-10\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-10-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Le syndrome pr\u00e9menstruel (SPM) est un ensemble de sympt\u00f4mes psychophysiologiques mal compris et mal d\u00e9finis dont souffrent de nombreuses femmes (25 \u00e0 50 % d'entre elles) \u00e0 la fin du cycle menstruel, juste avant le flux menstruel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les sympt\u00f4mes du syndrome pr\u00e9menstruel sont les suivants : sautes d'humeur, irritabilit\u00e9, baisse de la vigilance, tension, fatigue, d\u00e9pression, maux de t\u00eate, ballonnements, gonflements, sensibilit\u00e9 des seins, douleurs articulaires et fringales. On a constat\u00e9 que le syndrome pr\u00e9menstruel s\u00e9v\u00e8re exacerbe les troubles \u00e9motionnels sous-jacents. Bien que la progest\u00e9rone soit utilis\u00e9e dans certains cas, il n'existe pas de traitement simple et coh\u00e9rent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Research has shown that accidents in general are more common among women during PMS. If women suffer from premenstrual syndrome, it may be wise to dive conservatively during this time. There is no scientific evidence, however, that they are more susceptible to\u00a0<a href=\"\/fr\/health-medicine\/health-resources\/diseases-conditions\/decompression-illness-what-is-it-and-what-is-the-treatment\/\"><strong>la maladie de d\u00e9compression<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>(DCI)<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>or dive injuries\/accidents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De m\u00eame, les personnes pr\u00e9sentant des signes de d\u00e9pression ou des tendances antisociales doivent faire l'objet d'une \u00e9valuation de leur aptitude \u00e0 participer \u00e0 la plong\u00e9e : elles peuvent repr\u00e9senter un risque pour elles-m\u00eames ou pour leur bin\u00f4me de plong\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-11&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-11-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-11\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Menstruation pendant des activit\u00e9s de plong\u00e9e<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-11\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-11-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>La menstruation est l'\u00e9coulement cyclique et physiologique, par le vagin, du sang et des tissus de la muqueuse de l'ut\u00e9rus non gravide. Le cycle est contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par les hormones et se produit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 des intervalles d'environ quatre semaines. Les sympt\u00f4mes peuvent inclure des douleurs, une r\u00e9tention d'eau, des crampes abdominales et des maux de dos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Are women at greater risk of experiencing&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/local.world.dan.test\/health-medicine\/health-resources\/diseases-conditions\/decompression-illness-what-is-it-and-what-is-the-treatment\/\">decompression illness (DCI)<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;while menstruating? Theoretically, it is possible that, because of fluid retention and tissue swelling, women are less able to get rid of dissolved nitrogen. This is, however, not definitively proven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9trospective r\u00e9cente des plongeuses (956 plongeuses) ayant subi un accident de d\u00e9compression a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que 38 % d'entre elles avaient leurs r\u00e8gles au moment de l'accident. De plus, 85 % des femmes prenant des contraceptifs oraux avaient leurs r\u00e8gles au moment de l'accident. Cela sugg\u00e8re, mais ne prouve pas, que les femmes prenant des contraceptifs oraux courent un risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 de maladie de d\u00e9compression pendant la p\u00e9riode menstruelle. Par cons\u00e9quent, il peut \u00eatre conseill\u00e9 aux femmes ayant leurs r\u00e8gles d'adopter une conduite plus prudente, en particulier si elles prennent des contraceptifs oraux. Cela peut impliquer de faire moins de plong\u00e9es, des plong\u00e9es plus courtes et moins profondes et des paliers de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 plus longs. Quatre autres \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que les femmes courent un risque plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 d'accident de d\u00e9compression et, dans une \u00e9tude sur les courbatures en altitude, les menstruations sont \u00e9galement apparues comme un facteur de risque de courbature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, la pratique de la plong\u00e9e pendant les r\u00e8gles ne semble pas poser de probl\u00e8me tant que l'exercice normal et vigoureux n'augmente pas les sympt\u00f4mes menstruels. Tant que le cycle menstruel ne provoque pas d'autres sympt\u00f4mes ou d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ments affectant la sant\u00e9, il n'y a aucune raison pour qu'une femme menstru\u00e9e ne plonge pas. Toutefois, sur la base des donn\u00e9es disponibles, il peut \u00eatre prudent pour les femmes qui prennent des contraceptifs oraux, en particulier si elles ont leurs r\u00e8gles, de r\u00e9duire leur exposition \u00e0 la plong\u00e9e (profondeur, temps au fond ou nombre de plong\u00e9es par jour).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-12&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-12-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-12\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Contraception orale<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-12\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-12-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Une m\u00e9thode efficace et largement utilis\u00e9e pour pr\u00e9venir la grossesse. Il existe plusieurs types de pilules et la plupart d'entre elles contiennent une combinaison de substances synth\u00e9tiques de type \u0153strog\u00e8ne et de type progest\u00e9rone. Ces substances emp\u00eachent l'augmentation de l'hormone lut\u00e9inisante, qui conduit \u00e0 l'ovulation. De plus, les contraceptifs oraux \u00e9paississent et modifient chimiquement la glaire cervicale, rendant l'endom\u00e8tre ut\u00e9rin moins r\u00e9ceptif aux spermatozo\u00efdes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les effets secondaires possibles des contraceptifs oraux au cours du traitement initial sont les naus\u00e9es, les vomissements, la r\u00e9tention d'eau, les maux de t\u00eate et les vertiges. Les contraceptifs oraux peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre associ\u00e9s \u00e0 une augmentation de la pression art\u00e9rielle et \u00e0 un risque \u00e9lev\u00e9 de troubles thromboemboliques (d\u00e9veloppement d'occlusions veineuses ressemblant \u00e0 des caillots, qui peuvent conduire \u00e0 une embolie).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It has been suggested that oral contraceptives may increase a diver\u2019s susceptibility to\u00a0<strong><a href=\"\/fr\/safety-prevention\/diver-safety\/divers-blog\/treating-decompression-sickness-the-bends\/\">le mal de d\u00e9compression (DCS)<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0because of the hormonal changes, which may reduce venous tone and increase water retention. This could affect circulation and theoretically cause the blood to \u201csludge,\u201d which may interfere with the elimination of nitrogen from the body. To date, no research has found evidence to support this belief.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En fait, \u00e0 moins que les contraceptifs oraux ne posent un probl\u00e8me clinique pour les femmes, il n'y a pas de donn\u00e9es montrant que leur utilisation pendant la plong\u00e9e sous-marine r\u00e9cr\u00e9ative soit une contre-indication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les contraceptifs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pilules \u00e0 base de progest\u00e9rone et contraceptifs \u00e0 longue dur\u00e9e d'action<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les progestatifs, semblables \u00e0 ceux utilis\u00e9s dans les contraceptifs injectables, toutes les mini-pilules et implants \u00e0 la progest\u00e9rone, ont des effets sur les cellules inflammatoires. On a constat\u00e9 que des doses \u00e9lev\u00e9es de progest\u00e9rone aident \u00e0 stabiliser les membranes cellulaires et limitent ainsi la r\u00e9ponse inflammatoire aux l\u00e9sions. Si les progestatifs agissent pour limiter l'inflammation, on peut supposer qu'ils pourraient contribuer \u00e0 limiter les dommages caus\u00e9s par les processus inflammatoires qui suivent l'hypoxie tissulaire dans les accidents au gaz. Si c'est le cas, nous pourrions \u00e9galement supposer que les progestatifs \u00e0 longue dur\u00e9e d'action ou \u00e0 forte dose pourraient \u00eatre le contraceptif de choix pour les plongeuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Barri\u00e8res et spermicides<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Des questions se posent parfois sur la possibilit\u00e9 que l'efficacit\u00e9 des m\u00e9thodes de barri\u00e8re soit r\u00e9duite par l'immersion et la dilution des agents spermicides si l'eau entre et sort du vagin. L'action de rin\u00e7age dans une combinaison humide est probablement minime et n'entre \u00e9videmment pas en ligne de compte pour les combinaisons s\u00e8ches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-iuds\"><strong>DIU<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les dispositifs intra-ut\u00e9rins (DIU) ne pr\u00e9sentent aucun risque pour la plongeuse. Cependant, avec son utilisation, le flux menstruel augmente en quantit\u00e9 et en dur\u00e9e. Cela peut \u00eatre tr\u00e8s g\u00eanant si une femme plonge dans un endroit isol\u00e9 ou sur un bateau sans installations sanitaires ni intimit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-13&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-13-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleKeyDown\" id=\"accordion-item-13\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Ost\u00e9oporose<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div inert aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-13\" data-wp-bind--inert=\"!state.isOpen\" id=\"accordion-item-13-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00c0 ce jour, il n'y a pas eu de groupe significatif de femmes qui :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sont m\u00e9nopaus\u00e9es et pr\u00e9sentent un risque d'ost\u00e9oporose (m\u00e9nopause moyenne \u00e0 50 ans, ost\u00e9op\u00e9nie \u00e0 60-65 ans et fractures \u00e0 partir de 70-75 ans); et<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ont une exp\u00e9rience significative de la plong\u00e9e, y compris un nombre appropri\u00e9 de plong\u00e9es \u00e0 des profondeurs importantes qui les exposent au risque d'ost\u00e9on\u00e9crose.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>De ce fait, nous ne disposons pas de donn\u00e9es sur la co\u00efncidence de l'ost\u00e9oporose et de l'ost\u00e9on\u00e9crose chez les femmes \u00e0 risque (ni chez les hommes d'ailleurs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cons\u00e9quences en plong\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les m\u00e9canismes physiopathologiques conduisant \u00e0 l'ost\u00e9oporose et \u00e0 l'ost\u00e9on\u00e9crose sont diff\u00e9rents. L'ost\u00e9oporose r\u00e9sulte d'une diminution de l'activit\u00e9 des ost\u00e9oblastes et d'une augmentation relative de l'activit\u00e9 des ost\u00e9oclastes, ce qui entra\u00eene une r\u00e9sorption et une d\u00e9min\u00e9ralisation de l'os. L'infarctus de la microcirculation osseuse est le m\u00e9canisme d\u00e9clencheur de l'ost\u00e9on\u00e9crose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Women are at increased risk for osteoporosis given that their overall lifetime peak bone mass is lower than men\u2019s and that the loss of estrogen during menopause greatly accelerates the rate of bone demineralization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout ce que nous pouvons dire \u00e0 ce stade, c'est que les femmes doivent suivre une di\u00e8te aussi conservatrice que possible, en essayant de minimiser les risques d'ost\u00e9on\u00e9crose, afin de ne pas imposer cette maladie dommageable pour les os en plus de leur risque d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9lev\u00e9 de fracture d\u00fb \u00e0 l'ost\u00e9oporose \u0153strog\u00e9no-d\u00e9pendante de type 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">Donna M. Uguccioni, M.S., Richard Moon, M.D. et Maida Beth Taylor, M.D.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les femmes ont des besoins particuliers en termes de sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, notamment en ce qui concerne certains cancers ou des complications li\u00e9es \u00e0 des interventions. D\u00e9couvrez les probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 courants auxquels les femmes sont confront\u00e9es et l'impact qu'ils peuvent avoir sur la plong\u00e9e. <\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":10759,"template":"","dan_diseases_conditions_tags":[],"class_list":["post-3975","dan_diseases_conds","type-dan_diseases_conds","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Women&#039;s Health and Diving - DAN World<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Optimal women&#039;s health is achieved by considering unique conditions and factors. 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