{"id":696,"date":"2020-06-01T21:00:53","date_gmt":"2020-06-02T01:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dan.devhammer.com\/?post_type=dan_health_resources&p=696"},"modified":"2020-09-17T08:15:34","modified_gmt":"2020-09-17T12:15:34","slug":"how-your-ears-respond-to-pressure","status":"publish","type":"dan_health_resources","link":"https:\/\/world.dan.org\/fr\/health-medicine\/health-resource\/smart-guides\/beat-the-squeeze-equalize-like-a-pro\/how-your-ears-respond-to-pressure\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment l'oreille r\u00e9agit \u00e0 la pression"},"content":{"rendered":"
From simple cases of swimmer\u2019s ear to the serious and sometimes lasting damage of barotrauma, divers are vulnerable to ear problems. The delicate mechanisms that govern our hearing and balance are not designed for the rapid pressure changes that result from diving.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Heureusement, les l\u00e9sions de l'oreille peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9es.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vos oreilles moyennes sont des espaces d'air morts, reli\u00e9s au monde ext\u00e9rieur uniquement par les trompes d'Eustache qui s'\u00e9tendent jusqu'au fond de votre gorge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Si vous ne parvenez pas \u00e0 augmenter la pression dans vos oreilles moyennes pour qu'elle corresponde \u00e0 la pression dans vos oreilles externes et internes, il en r\u00e9sulte un barotraumatisme douloureux de l'oreille moyenne, la l\u00e9sion de l'oreille li\u00e9e \u00e0 la pression la plus fr\u00e9quente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The key to safe equalizing is opening the normally closed Eustachian tubes. Each has a kind of one-way valve at its lower end called the \u201cEustachian cushion,\u201d which prevents contaminants in your nose from migrating up to your middle ears. Opening the tubes, to allow higher-pressure air from your throat to enter your middle ears, normally requires a conscious act. Swallowing usually does it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
You equalize your ears many times a day without realizing it, by swallowing. The tissues of your middle ear constantly absorb oxygen, lowering the air pressure in those spaces. When you swallow, your soft palate muscles pull your Eustachian tubes open, allowing air to rush from your throat to your middle ears and equalize the pressure. That\u2019s the faint \u201cpop\u201d or \u201cclick\u201d you hear about every other swallow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Scuba diving, however, subjects this equalization system to much greater and faster pressure changes than it\u2019s designed to handle. You need to give it help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pourquoi vous devez faire de la p\u00e9r\u00e9quation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
If you dive without equalizing your ears, you can experience painful and damaging middle ear barotrauma. Step-by-step, here\u2019s what happens when you DON\u2019T equalize:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PIEDS<\/strong><\/td>
EFFET<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
1<\/td>
\u00c0 un pied sous la surface, la pression de l'eau contre l'ext\u00e9rieur de vos tympans est sup\u00e9rieure de 0,445 psi \u00e0 la pression de l'air \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur. Les tympans fl\u00e9chissent vers l'int\u00e9rieur et vous ressentez une pression dans vos oreilles.<\/td><\/tr>
2<\/td>
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3<\/td>
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4<\/td>
\u00c0 quatre pieds, la diff\u00e9rence de pression passe \u00e0 1,78 psi. Les tympans s'enfoncent dans les oreilles moyennes, de m\u00eame que les fen\u00eatres rondes et ovales entre les oreilles moyennes et internes. Les terminaisons nerveuses de votre tympan sont \u00e9tir\u00e9es. Vous commencez \u00e0 ressentir de la douleur.<\/td><\/tr>
5<\/td>
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6<\/td>
\u00c0 six pieds, la diff\u00e9rence de pression est de 2,67 psi. Votre tympan s'\u00e9tire davantage. Ses tissus commencent \u00e0 se d\u00e9chirer, provoquant une inflammation qui peut durer jusqu'\u00e0 une semaine. Les petits vaisseaux sanguins de votre tympan peuvent se dilater ou se rompre, provoquant des ecchymoses qui dureront jusqu'\u00e0 trois semaines. Vos trompes d'Eustache sont maintenant bloqu\u00e9es par la pression, ce qui rend l'\u00e9galisation impossible. La douleur augmente.\n<\/td><\/tr>
7<\/td>
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8<\/td>
\u00c0 huit pieds, la diff\u00e9rence de pression est de 3,56 psi. Si vous avez de la chance, le sang et le mucus sont aspir\u00e9s des tissus environnants et commencent \u00e0 remplir votre oreille moyenne. C'est ce qu'on appelle le barotraumatisme de l'oreille moyenne. C'est le liquide, et non l'air, qui \u00e9quilibre d\u00e9sormais la pression sur vos tympans. La douleur dispara\u00eet, remplac\u00e9e par une sensation de pl\u00e9nitude dans les oreilles qui persistera pendant une semaine ou plus, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le liquide soit r\u00e9absorb\u00e9 par l'organisme.<\/td><\/tr>
9<\/td>
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10<\/td>
At 10 feet the pressure difference is 4.45 psi. If you aren\u2019t so lucky\u2014if your descent is very fast, for example\u2014your eardrums may break. Water will flood your middle ear. The sudden sensation of cold against your balance mechanism (vestibular canals) may cause vertigo, especially if only one eardrum breaks. Suddenly, the world is spinning around you, though the sensation will probably stop when your body warms up the water in your middle ear. Or, if you try to equalize by blowing hard and long against pinched nostrils, you may rupture the round window membrane between your middle and inner ears. This is called inner ear barotrauma. Perilymph fluid drains from the cochlea into the middle ear. Temporary or sometimes permanent, hearing loss may result.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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